Q: What is an international commercial arbitration?

Ans: There was a requirement of international arbitration for the matters of international dispute and hence international commercial arbitration was introduced by UNCITRAL Model law on international commercial arbitration which was adopted in 1985.
The Geneva Convention 1927 and New York Convention 1958 was also introduced for international commercial arbitration.

The New York Convention was established as a result of dissatisfaction with the Geneva Protocol on Arbitration Clauses of 1923 and the Geneva Convention on the Execution of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1927.

The biggest difference between New York and Geneva Conventions is that they both serve different issues. Geneva convention is more inclined towards war & war crimes and thus protects the rights of civilians & war prisoners along with military personnel. New York convention on the other hand deals with arbitrage matters and has more of a role to play in resolving matters between states.

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